卡耶

卡耶部落（土耳其语：Kayı boyu）是烏古斯突厥人部落聯盟的其中一員。據11世紀時的學者麻赫穆德·喀什噶里的研究，卡耶部落的塔木加印記寫作，而「卡耶」一詞的意義是：「因關係而獲得力量與權力者」。

依照奧斯曼帝國的傳統觀點認為，帝國創始者奧斯曼一世的先祖是來自卡耶部落的成員^[1]^[2]^[3]。然而，現今許多歷史學家對這項說法提出了嚴肅的批判與質疑。因為有關奧斯曼一世擁有卡耶部落血統的唯一證據，僅有來自15世紀才寫成的族譜可供參考，也就是直到奧斯曼一世逝世一百多年後，奧斯曼官方才開始宣稱奧斯曼皇室是來自卡耶部落的後裔。更重要的是，奧斯曼帝國現存最早的家譜根本沒有提及奧斯曼家族與卡耶部落有任何關連，這代表有關奧斯曼家族是來自卡耶部落的說法，極有可能是日後奧斯曼歷史學者所虛構的^[4]。

参考资料

^ "Some Ottoman genealogies claim, perhaps fancifully, descent from Kayı.", Carter Vaughn Findley, The Turks in World History, pp. 50, 2005, Oxford University Press; Shaw, Stanford Jay. History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Cambridge University Press, 1976, p. 306
^ Ottoman Empire. Britannica Online Encyclopedia. [11 February 2013]. （原始内容存档于2008-04-26）.
^ Atalay, Besim (2006). Divanü Lügati't - Türk. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi. ISBN 975-16-0405-2, Cilt I, sayfa 55.
^
Kafadar, Cemal. Between Two Worlds: The Construction of the Ottoman State. 1995: 122. That they hailed from the Kayı branch of the Oğuz confederacy seems to be a creative "rediscovery" in the genealogical concoction of the fifteenth century. It is missing not only in Ahmedi but also, and more importantly, in the Yahşi Fakih-Aşıkpaşazade narrative, which gives its own version of an elaborate genealogical family tree going back to Noah. If there was a particularly significant claim to Kayı lineage, it is hard to imagine that Yahşi Fakih would not have heard of it.
- Lowry, Heath. The Nature of the Early Ottoman State. SUNY Press. 2003: 78. ISBN 0-7914-5636-6. Based on these charters, all of which were drawn up between 1324 and 1360 (almost one hundred fifty years prior to the emergence of the Ottoman dynastic myth identifying them as members of the Kayı branch of the Oguz federation of Turkish tribes), we may posit that...
- Lindner, Rudi Paul. Nomads and Ottomans in Medieval Anatolia. Indiana University Press. 1983: 10. In fact, no matter how one were to try, the sources simply do not allow the recovery of a family tree linking the antecedents of Osman to the Kayı of the Oğuz tribe.

參考文獻

Kafesoğlu, İbrahim. Türk Milli Kültürü. Türk Kültürünü Araştırma Enstitüsü, 1977. page 134 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Gmyrya, L. 1995. "Hun country at the Caspian Gate: Caspian Dagestan during the epoch of the Great Movement of Peoples". Makhachkala: Dagestan Publishing

[1] "Some Ottoman genealogies claim, perhaps fancifully, descent from Kayı.", Carter Vaughn Findley, The Turks in World History, pp. 50, 2005, Oxford University Press; Shaw, Stanford Jay. History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Cambridge University Press, 1976, p. 306

[2] Ottoman Empire. Britannica Online Encyclopedia. [11 February 2013]. （原始内容存档于2008-04-26）.

[3] Atalay, Besim (2006). Divanü Lügati't - Türk. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi. ISBN 975-16-0405-2, Cilt I, sayfa 55.

[4] Kafadar, Cemal. Between Two Worlds: The Construction of the Ottoman State. 1995: 122. That they hailed from the Kayı branch of the Oğuz confederacy seems to be a creative "rediscovery" in the genealogical concoction of the fifteenth century. It is missing not only in Ahmedi but also, and more importantly, in the Yahşi Fakih-Aşıkpaşazade narrative, which gives its own version of an elaborate genealogical family tree going back to Noah. If there was a particularly significant claim to Kayı lineage, it is hard to imagine that Yahşi Fakih would not have heard of it.
Lowry, Heath. The Nature of the Early Ottoman State. SUNY Press. 2003: 78. ISBN 0-7914-5636-6. Based on these charters, all of which were drawn up between 1324 and 1360 (almost one hundred fifty years prior to the emergence of the Ottoman dynastic myth identifying them as members of the Kayı branch of the Oguz federation of Turkish tribes), we may posit that...

Lindner, Rudi Paul. Nomads and Ottomans in Medieval Anatolia. Indiana University Press. 1983: 10. In fact, no matter how one were to try, the sources simply do not allow the recovery of a family tree linking the antecedents of Osman to the Kayı of the Oğuz tribe.

[5] Lowry, Heath. The Nature of the Early Ottoman State. SUNY Press. 2003: 78. ISBN 0-7914-5636-6. Based on these charters, all of which were drawn up between 1324 and 1360 (almost one hundred fifty years prior to the emergence of the Ottoman dynastic myth identifying them as members of the Kayı branch of the Oguz federation of Turkish tribes), we may posit that...

[6] Lindner, Rudi Paul. Nomads and Ottomans in Medieval Anatolia. Indiana University Press. 1983: 10. In fact, no matter how one were to try, the sources simply do not allow the recovery of a family tree linking the antecedents of Osman to the Kayı of the Oğuz tribe.

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参考资料

參考文獻