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心網蟲屬[编辑]

维基百科,自由的百科全书
(重定向自心網蟲
鏈狀心網蟲
化石时期:521–514 Ma
寒武紀第三期[1][2]
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
总门: 蜕皮动物总门 Ecdysozoa
演化支 泛节肢动物 Panarthropoda
並系群 葉足動物 Lobopodia
纲: 異蟲綱 Xenusia
目: 堅有爪目 Scleronychophora
演化支 怪誕蟲類群 Hallucigeniids
科: 心網蟲科 Cardiodictyidae
Hou & Bergstrom, 1995[3]
属: 心網蟲屬 Cardiodictyon
Hou, Ramsköld, and Bergström, 1991[1]
种:
鏈狀心網蟲 C. catenulum
二名法
Cardiodictyon catenulum
Hou, Ramsköld, and Bergström, 1991

鏈狀心網蟲學名Cardiodictyon catenulum[1])是心網蟲科學名Cardiodictyidae[3]心網蟲屬學名Cardiodictyon[1])的唯一一個物種[1][4],也是模式種。此物種在中國南方發現的。[3][1]生存在中寒武紀。[1]此物種的化石標本非常普遍,總共發現多達兩百多個心網蟲的化石標本,而且大多發現的標本是扁的,而且是彎曲的,[4]再加上化石保存都很好。[5]心網蟲的頭部具有兩對的前附肢[3][6],頭裡還有可能類似大腦的器官[7][8][9][10][11],頭部區域是箭頭狀,前面的邊緣是圓形。其頭部由一對大骨片保護,頭部前緣有雙重結構[3],並有一對眼點[12]; 背板的形狀也被重新詮釋。[3]嘴巴和肛門位於身體前後的末端。[8]身體很細長還有一條條的環紋[13],23對邊邊很尖的六角形的骨片,還有23對腳,而腳上兩個爪子。[3][1]怪誕蟲屬Hallucigenia)其中的一種強壯怪誕蟲 (Hallucigenia fortis),因為既有身長的身軀[14][15][16],與心網蟲一樣都是在中國發現的。[1]囉哩山蟲屬Luolishania)、微網蟲屬英语MicrodictyonMicrodictyon)、貧腿蟲屬Paucipodia[17]爪網蟲屬Onychodictyon[1]都是在中國早期發現的基群泛節肢生物[6][18]

命名

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心網蟲屬是在中國雲南省澂江市澄江化石地發現的。[3][4][19]是源自希臘語kardia是指心, 和dictyon是網子的意思。catenula是源自拉丁語, 意指小鍊條或是鐵鍊,是指心網蟲身上的一排一排的骨板。[3]

描述

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鏈狀心網蟲的整體附原圖。
異蟲英语XenusionXenusion)在海底爬行的復原圖,旁邊還有暗紅色的水母。與心網蟲都是以爬行移動。

頭部看起來像是橢圓形或是半圓形[4][20],頭部有原本被發現有三對細長的前附肢,其中兩對已經確定存在,第三對當時還不能確定[1],而之後的研究發現只有兩對前附肢。[6][21][20][22],位在頭部骨片的更前面。[20]頭部的一端被一對大骨片覆蓋[3][13][20][22][23],頭部有分節[6],沒有大骨片的頭部看起來就像末端[1],頭部和尾部的末端逐漸變得細。[3]在頭部上還有細小的眼點。[3][4][12][20][24]身體細長[3][4],大約身長3公分、1公分寬[4],身體沒有分節[6],還有25對附肢(頭部的兩對附肢加上身體的二十三對用來行走的腳)[25][26][27],共有23塊的網狀六角形骨片[3][13][25][26][28][註 1],每個骨片與骨片的間隔總是有規律的,最後一塊的骨片在後面就是身體的尾部,而且尾部是鈍的。[3]原本以為身上是沒有環紋[1],後來證明有一條條的環紋。[13]發現有一從頭部延伸身體的末端條縱向的暗黑色寬帶,推測可能是腸子。[3][4][13][29]整個身體的骨板形狀幾乎沒什麼變化,每隔一對骨板,也就有一對腳。[3]這一些腳很長,大約是身體寬度的三倍。[1]當初而底部的爪子保存的不完整[1],因而誤以為有四、五個爪子[1][3],而之後發現其實只有兩個爪子。[25]

加拿大奇蝦Anomalocaris canadensis)正在用前附肢捕捉在游泳的等刺虫属Isoxys)。心網蟲可能與奇蝦一樣用附肢捕食。

生活

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對心網蟲的生活幾乎一無所知,有一些甚至是以對其他寒武紀葉足動物認知而成的。心網蟲是底棲型的物種,因為具有用來行走的腳,發現的腸子可能代表心網蟲是肉食性或是雜食性,且頭上兩對的附肢可能與放射齒目一樣,用來抓捕獵物。[4]

資料來源

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  1. ^ 通常發現心網蟲化石標本都是發現側面的,所以骨片看起來類似三角形;如果以背側骨片看,那看到的是類似六角形。