Mali (GPU)

Mali 是一款由ARM Holdings（ARM，安谋科技）研发设计的移动显示芯片组（GPUs）系列。该显示芯片组的电路设计和架构研发完全由ARM自主设计，ARM特别设立了ARM Norway（ARM挪威）显示处理事业部来负责研发设计ARM Mali显示芯片系列，该部门的前身是Falanx。

Mali显示技术细节

和其他基于IP核心（IP cores）嵌入式技术的3D显示芯片一样，Mali显示芯片组没有提供特别用来驱动LCD显示器显示图像的显示控制器（类似于显卡），相反地，它是一个纯3D显示引擎，它将图像载入到缓存中，并且由专门负责图像显示处理的内置显示核心来显示这些图像。

其内置的那些不同渲染API，例如OpenGL ES、OpenVG等等，都实现了shader图像处理程序。ARM还提供了开发工具用来进行针对其显示芯片的处理，如Mali GPU Shader Development Studio和Mali GPU User Interface Engine。

型号

Mali显示芯片组改进自Falanx公司研发生产的显示技术芯片组，目前Mali显示芯片组有如下型号：

型号	微架构	发布日期	核心数	制程 (nm)	芯片面积(mm²)	时钟(MHz)	二级缓存大小	填充率		总线带宽(字节)	GFLOPS	API				乘积累加	使用的芯片	异构系统架构（英语：Heterogeneous System Architecture）/零复制	用途
型号	微架构	发布日期	核心数	制程 (nm)	芯片面积(mm²)	时钟(MHz)	二级缓存大小	百万三角形/s	十亿像素/s	总线带宽(字节)	GFLOPS	Vulkan	OpenGL ES	OpenCL	Direct3D	乘积累加	使用的芯片	异构系统架构（英语：Heterogeneous System Architecture）/零复制	用途
Mali-55	?	?	1	?	?	?	不適用	?	?	?	?	不適用	1.1	不適用	不適用	否	?	?	图形
Mali-200	Utgard^[1]	2007^[2]	1	?	?	?	不適用	?	?	?	?		2.0
Mali-300		?	1	40 28	?	500	8 KiB	55	0.5	?	5
Mali-400 MP		2008	1-4	40 28	?	500	256 KiB	55	0.5	?	5						Amlogic S805, Allwinner H3, Rockchip RK3229
Mali-450 MP		2012	1-8	40 28	?	650	512 KiB	142	2.6	?	14.6						Amlogic S905, Allwinner H5, Rockchip RK3328, Hi3798MV200
Mali-470 MP		2015	1-4	40 28	?	250 - 650	8–256 KiB	71	0.65	?	?						?
Mali-T604^[3]	Midgard 1st gen	?	1-4	32 28	?	533	32–256 KiB	90	0.533	?	17		3.1 + AEP^[4]	Full Profile 1.1	DirectX 11, (9_3)	是	?		图形 & 计算
Mali-T658^[3]	Midgard 1st gen	?	1-8	?	?	?		?	?	?	?
Mali-T622	Midgard 2nd gen	?	1-2	32 28	?	533		?	?	?	8.5
Mali-T624		Aug 2012	1-4	32 28	?	533		?	?	?	17
Mali-T628		Aug 2012	1-8	32 28	?	533 / 695		?	?	?	17 / 23.7
Mali-T678^[5]		Aug 2012	1-8	28	?	?		?	?	?	?
Mali-T720	Midgard 3rd gen	Oct 2013	1-8	28	?	450 / 600	32–256 KiB^[6]	650	5.2	?	7.65 / 10.2						Exynos 7580, MT6735, MT6753, Allwinner H6
Mali-T760	Midgard 3rd gen	Oct 2013	1-16	28 14	1.75 mm²(14nm)^[7]	600	256–2048 KiB^[8]	1300	10.4	?	20.4^[9]	1.0^[10]	3.2^[11]	Full Profile 1.2	Direct3D 11.1, (11_1)^[12]		Exynos 7420, Exynos 5433, MT6752, MT6732
Mali-T820	Midgard 4th gen	Q4 2015	1-4	28	?	600	32–256 KiB^[8]	400	2.6	?	10.2				Direct3D 11.1, (9_3)		Amlogic S912
Mali-T830			1-4	28	?	600	32–256 KiB^[8]	400	2.6	?	20.4				Direct3D 11.1, (9_3)		Exynos 7870
Mali-T860			1-16	28	?	700	256–2048 KiB^[8]	1300	10.4	?	23.8				Direct3D 11.2, (11_1)		Helio P10
Mali-T880		Q2 2016	1-16	16	?	700 / 850 / 900	256–2048 KiB^[8]	1700	13.6	?	23.8 / 28.9 / 30.6				Direct3D 11.2, (11_1)		Exynos 8890、Helio X20、Kirin 950、Helio P20
Mali-G31	Bifrost 1^st gen	2018 Q1	1-6 (1 EU per core)^[13]	28	?	650	32kB-512kB	?	1.3		10.4	1.3^[14]		Full Profile 2.0			Rockchip RK3326^[15]^[16]AmLogic S905Y2, S905X2, S905X3, S905D2, Allwinner H616, H313
Mali-G51^[17]		2016 Q4	1-6 (1 uni to 3 dual)^[18]	28 16 14 12 10	?	650	32kB-512kB	?	3.9						11 (FL 9_3)		HiSilicon Hi3751V811, HiSilicon Kirin 710
Mali-G71		Q2 2016	1–32	16 14 10	?	700-1037	128–2048 KiB	1850	27.2		18.56-28.9^[19]				11 (FL 11_1)		Kirin 960, Exynos 5 7872^[20], Exynos 7 7885^[21], Exynos 9 8895^[22], Helio P23, Helio P30
Mali-G52	Bifrost 2^nd gen	2018 Q1	1-4 (2 or 3 EU per core)	16	?	850			6.8		27.2 @ 850 MHz per core (2 EU) 40.8 @ 850 MHz per core (3 EU)						AmLogic S922X, Rockchip RK3530, Kirin 810, Helio G70, Helio G80, Helio G85, Rockchip RK3566, Rockchip RK3568,
Mali-G72	Bifrost 2^nd gen	2017 Q2	1–32	16 12 10	1.36 mm ² per shader core at 10 nm^[23]	572-800	128–2048 KiB		27.2		30.54				12 (FL 11_1)		Kirin 970、Exynos 9 9810、Exynos 7 9610、Helio P60、Helio P70
Mali-G76	Bifrost 3^rd gen	2018 Q2	4-20	7	?	?	512–4096 KiB	?	?	?	?				?		Kirin 980、Kirin 990、Exynos 9820、Helio G90/G90T
Mali-G57	Valhall 1^st gen	2019 Q2	1-6	?	?	?	64–512 KiB	?	?	?	?				?		Dimensity 800、Kirin 820
Mali-G77	Valhall 1^st gen	2019 Q2	7-16	7		850	512–4096 KiB										Dimensity 1000、Exynos 990
Mali- G68	Valhall 2^nd gen	2020 Q2	1–6				512KB–2MB
Mali- G78	Valhall 2^nd gen	2020 Q2	7–24				512KB–2MB										Kirin 9000在mp24實例中^[24].
Mali-G310	Valhall 3^rd gen	2021 Q2	2-6	4			256–1024 KiB
Mali-G510			2-6	4			256–1024 KiB
Mali-G610			1–6	4			512–2048 KiB
Mali-G710			7–16	4			512–2048 KiB
Mali-G615	Valhall 4th gen	2022 Q2	1-6				512–4096 KiB
Mali-G715			7-9
Immortalis-G715			10-16
Mali-G620	5^th Gen^[25]	2023 Q2	1–5	4			256–1024 KiB								Full Profile 3.0
Mali-G720			6–9	4			512–2048 KiB
Immortalis-G720			10+	4			512–2048 KiB

Lima FOSS 驱动

2012年1月21日，Phoronix报道称Codethink最主要的开源显示技术开发商：Luc Verhaegen已经开始尝试为Mali显示芯片组系列提供技术支持，特别是Mali 200 以及 Mali 400 型号。该项目称为Lima（利马）并且开始提供对OpenGL ES 2.0的全面支持。^[26]

FOSDEM已于2012年2月4日提供主要支持，^[27]^[28] 并且提供了 limadriver.org^{[永久失效連結]} 网站用于展示新的研发进展。

2013年2月2的Verhaegen展示「雷神之锤III竞技场」timedemo模式，于利马驱动上运行。^[29]

参见

PowerVR – Imagination Technologies 研发的移动GPU，用于第三方授权。
Adreno – Qualcomm 研发的移动GPU，用于第三方授权。
Vivante – 图芯技术研发的移动GPU，用于第三方授权。
Tegra – NVIDIA 研发的移动SoC，不向第三方授权。
VideoCore – Broadcom 研发的移动GPU，允许第三方授权。
Intel Atom – Intel 计算机处理器产品，不向第三方授权。
AMD APU – AMD 计算机处理器产品，不向第三方授权。

参考

^ Mali Graphics Webpage; Arm Holdings.
^ http://www.anandtech.com/show/8234/arms-mali-midgard-architecture-explored/2
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 http://www.khronos.org/assets/uploads/developers/library/2012-pan-pacific-road-show/OpenGL-and-OpenGL-ES-Taiwan_Feb-2012.pdf Khronos Group OpenGL and OpenGL ES Taiwan Feb 2012
^ Android Extension Pack depends on implementation of GL_ANDROID_extension_pack_es31a in the userspace driver. Supported as of r7p0
^ AnandTech | ARM Announces 8-core 2nd Gen Mali-T600 GPUs
^ depending on number of GPU shader core groups
^ The Samsung Exynos 7420 Deep Dive - Inside A Modern 14nm SoC. AnandTech. [2015-06-15].
^ ^8.0 ^8.1 ^8.2 ^8.3 ^8.4 depending on number of shader core groups
^ 存档副本. [2016-08-30]. （原始内容存档于2014-05-09）.
^ Vulkan - Mali Developer Center. ARM. [2016-06-16].
^ Supported as of June 2016 with r12p0 userspace driver
^ ARM's Mali Midgard Architecture Explored. AnandTech. [2014-07-07].
^ Ltd., Arm. Graphics and Multimedia Processors | Mali-G31 GPU – Arm Developer. ARM Developer. [2018-11-02] （英语）.
^ The Khronos Group. 2018-03-12 [2018-03-13] （英语）.
^ Rockchip-瑞芯微电子股份有限公司. www.rock-chips.com. [2018-06-14].
^ Rockchip-瑞芯微电子股份有限公司. www.rock-chips.com. [2018-06-14].
^ Lynch, Doug. ARM announces their second Bifrost GPU – the Mali-G51. XDA Developers. 31 October 2016 [31 October 2016].
^ Graphics and Multimedia Processors | Mali-G51 GPU.
^ GPU GFLOPS. gflops.surge.sh. [2018-06-20].
^ Exynos 5 Series 7872 Processor: Specs, Features | Samsung Exynos. Samsung Semiconductor. [2018-02-16] （英语）.
^ Exynos 7 Series 7885 Processor: Specs, Features | Samsung Exynos. Samsung Semiconductor. [2018-02-16] （英语）.
^ Exynos 9 Series 8895 Processor: Specs, Features | Samsung Exynos. Samsung Semiconductor. [2018-02-16] （英语）.
^ The Exynos 9810 - Introducing Meerkat. AnandTech. [2018-02-28].
^ Yu, Richard. HUAWEI Mate40 Series Online Global Launch Event. October 22, 2020.
^ 5th Gen Arm GPU Architecture.
^ Phoronix, Jan 27 2012: Announcing The Lima Open-Source GPU Driver
^ Phoronix, Jan 21 2012: An Open-Source, Reverse-Engineered Mali GPU Driver
^ FOSDEM schedule, Jan 21 2012: Liberating ARM's Mali GPU 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2012-01-27.
^ Quake 3 Arena timedemo on top of the lima driver! 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2013-02-09.

外部链接

MALI graphics hardware at ARM Holdings website
Mali developer a developer site run by ARM
Lima driver^{[永久失效連結]}

[Mali_Graphics_Webpage-1] Mali Graphics Webpage; Arm Holdings.

[2] ttp://www.anandtech.com/show/8234/arms-mali-midgard-architecture-explored/2

[autogenerated1-3] 3.0 ^3.1 http://www.khronos.org/assets/uploads/developers/library/2012-pan-pacific-road-show/OpenGL-and-OpenGL-ES-Taiwan_Feb-2012.pdf Khronos Group OpenGL and OpenGL ES Taiwan Feb 2012

[4] Android Extension Pack depends on implementation of GL_ANDROID_extension_pack_es31a in the userspace driver. Supported as of r7p0

[5] AnandTech | ARM Announces 8-core 2nd Gen Mali-T600 GPUs

[6] umber of GPU shader core groups

[7] The Samsung Exynos 7420 Deep Dive - Inside A Modern 14nm SoC. AnandTech. [2015-06-15].

[ReferenceA-8] 8.0 ^8.1 ^8.2 ^8.3 ^8.4 depending on number of shader core groups

[9] 存档副本. [2016-08-30]. （原始内容存档于2014-05-09）.

[10] Vulkan - Mali Developer Center. ARM. [2016-06-16].

[11] Supported as of June 2016 with r12p0 userspace driver

[12] ARM's Mali Midgard Architecture Explored. AnandTech. [2014-07-07].

[13] Ltd., Arm. Graphics and Multimedia Processors | Mali-G31 GPU – Arm Developer. ARM Developer. [2018-11-02] （英语）.

[14] The Khronos Group. 2018-03-12 [2018-03-13] （英语）.

[:1-15] Rockchip-瑞芯微电子股份有限公司. www.rock-chips.com. [2018-06-14].

[:2-16] Rockchip-瑞芯微电子股份有限公司. www.rock-chips.com. [2018-06-14].

[17] Lynch, Doug. ARM announces their second Bifrost GPU – the Mali-G51. XDA Developers. 31 October 2016 [31 October 2016].

[18] Graphics and Multimedia Processors | Mali-G51 GPU.

[19] GPU GFLOPS. gflops.surge.sh. [2018-06-20].

[20] Exynos 5 Series 7872 Processor: Specs, Features | Samsung Exynos. Samsung Semiconductor. [2018-02-16] （英语）.

[21] Exynos 7 Series 7885 Processor: Specs, Features | Samsung Exynos. Samsung Semiconductor. [2018-02-16] （英语）.

[22] Exynos 9 Series 8895 Processor: Specs, Features | Samsung Exynos. Samsung Semiconductor. [2018-02-16] （英语）.

[23] The Exynos 9810 - Introducing Meerkat. AnandTech. [2018-02-28].

[24] Yu, Richard. HUAWEI Mate40 Series Online Global Launch Event. October 22, 2020.

[25] 5th Gen Arm GPU Architecture.

[26] Phoronix, Jan 27 2012: Announcing The Lima Open-Source GPU Driver

[27] Phoronix, Jan 21 2012: An Open-Source, Reverse-Engineered Mali GPU Driver

[28] FOSDEM schedule, Jan 21 2012: Liberating ARM's Mali GPU 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2012-01-27.

[29] Quake 3 Arena timedemo on top of the lima driver! 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2013-02-09.

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