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English: Cananea Copper Mine, Sonora, Mexico The image was taken by the Expedition 16 crew, and is provided by the Image Science & Analysis Laboratory, Johnson Space Center. The image in this article has been cropped and enhanced to improve contrast. Lens artifacts have been removed.


International Space Station InsigniaISS Crew Earth Observations: ISS016-E-31056International Space Station emblem
Identification
Mission ISS016 (Expedition 16)
Roll E
Frame 31056
Country or Geographic Name Mexico
Features CANANEA, AGUAJE, COPPER MINE
Center Point Latitude 31.0° N
Center Point Longitude -110.2° E
Camera
Camera Tilt 25°
Camera Focal Length 400 mm
Camera Kodak DCS760C Electronic Still Camera
Film 3060 x 2036 pixel CCD, RGBG array.
Quality
Percentage of Cloud Cover 0-10%
Nadir What is Nadir?
Date 2008-03-03
Time 19:56:45
Nadir Point Latitude 32.0° N
Nadir Point Longitude -111.2° E
Nadir to Photo Center Direction Southeast
Sun Azimuth 188°
Spacecraft Altitude 182 nautical miles (337 km)
Sun Elevation Angle 51°
Orbit Number 1190
Original image caption
One of the largest open-pit copper mines in the world, the Cananea mine produced over 164,000 tonnes of copper in 2006. The mine is located approximately 40 km south of the border between the USA (Arizona) and Mexico (Sonora). Copper and gold ores at Cananea are found in a porphyry copper deposit, a geological structure formed by crystal-rich magma moving upwards through pre-existing rock layers. A porphyry - an igneous rock with large crystals in a fine-grained matrix – is formed as the magma cools and crystallizes. While crystallization is occurring, hot fluids can circulate through the magma and surrounding rocks via fractures. This hydrothermal alteration of the rocks typically forms copper-bearing and other minerals. Much of the Cananea mine’s ore is concentrated in breccia pipes – mineralized rod or chimney-shaped bodies that contain broken rock fragments.

The active, 2 km in diameter Colorada Pit (image top right) is recognizable in this astronaut photograph by the concentric steps or benches cut around its perimeter (see larger image). These benches allow for access into the pit for extraction of ore and waste materials. Water (black) is visible filling the bottom of the pit, and several other basins in the surrounding area. The city of Cananea – marked by its street grid - is located to the northeast of the mine workings. A leachate reservoir is located to the east of the mine (image lower left) for removal and evaporation of water pumped from the mine workings – the bluish-white coloration of deposits near the reservoir suggests the high mineral content of the leachate.

The mine workings at Cananea are significant in the recent history of Mexico, as poor working conditions there in 1906 led to a miner’s strike that resulted in 19 deaths. This event is generally considered to a major catalyst of the Mexican Revolution of 1910, as well as the beginning of Mexico’s labor movement. Current environmental and economic conditions at the mine led to a worker strike that halted mine operations in 2007.

日期 acquired March 3, 2008
來源 http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=8680
作者 NASA International Space Station
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目前2010年3月4日 (四) 04:06於 2010年3月4日 (四) 04:06 版本的縮圖540 × 334(89 KB)Tillman{{Information |Description={{en|1=Cananea Copper Mine, Sonora, Mexico The image was taken by the Expedition 16 crew, and is provided by the Image Science & Analysis Laboratory, Johnson Space Center. The image in this article has been cropped and enhanced

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