格魯吉亞被佔領領土

格魯吉亞被佔領領土（格魯吉亞語：საქართველოს ოკუპირებული ტერიტორიები；俄語：Оккупированные Россией территории Грузии）是指2008年南奧塞梯戰爭之後，俄羅斯軍事佔領的格魯吉亞領土，主要包括阿布哈茲和南奧塞梯。阿布哈茲和南奧塞梯雖然在名義上是獨立國家，但實際上在政治和軍事方面都和俄羅斯一體化。格魯吉亞拒絕承認俄羅斯佔領這些領土合法。這些領土佔格魯吉亞總面積的20%。

2008年10月23日，格魯吉亞議會通過了《關於被佔領土的法律》，法律上的名稱為阿布哈茲自治共和國和茨欣瓦利地區以及鄰近地區，在被俄羅斯實際控制的南奧塞梯和阿布哈茲領土上建立了一個特殊的法律制度。因格魯吉亞政府早在1991年就廢除了「南奧塞梯自治州」，原南奧塞梯的領土被劃入內卡爾特利、姆茨赫塔-姆蒂亞內蒂、拉恰-列其呼米和下斯瓦內蒂和伊梅雷蒂四個大區，格魯吉亞和國際社會普遍稱其為「茨欣瓦利及臨近地區」。

根據格魯吉亞被佔領土法令，外國訪客如果需要訪問阿布哈茲和南奧塞梯，必須分別從祖格迪迪和哥里兩個邊境口岸入境，如果從其他口岸或俄羅斯一端入境阿布哈茲與南奧賽梯則是違法行為。^[1]

除俄羅斯之外，幾乎所有聯合國成員國均承認格魯吉亞對被佔領土的主權，且國際媒體在報道上述區域時也廣泛使用「格魯吉亞被佔領領土」一稱。^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11]^[12]^[13]^[14]

參見

參考文獻

^ ოკუპირებული ტერიტორიების შესახებ. Legislative Herald of Georgia. [2022-03-08]. （原始內容存檔於2022-01-06）（英語）. 1. Foreign citizens and stateless persons shall be allowed to enter the occupied territories only through the below route: a) Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia – from Zugdidi municipality direction; b) Tskhinvali region (the territories of the former South Ossetian Autonomous Region) – from Gori municipality direction. 2. Entry of the occupied territories by foreign citizens and stateless persons from any other direction, except from those defined in the first paragraph of this article, shall be prohibited and be punishable under the Criminal Code of Georgia.
^ La Géorgie redoute une intervention russe. Le Figaro. 20 June 2012 [2024-06-02]. （原始內容存檔於2012-06-21）（法語）.
^ Luke Coffey. Four years later -- seeking a peaceful end to the Russian occupation. Fox News. 31 August 2012 [2024-06-02]. （原始內容存檔於2012-08-31）.
^ Biden Says U.S. Will Not Recognize Abkhazia, South Ossetia. RFE/RL. 2 February 2013 [2024-06-02]. （原始內容存檔於2016-03-04）.
^ Hopeful Georgia takes baby steps towards EU. Al Jazeera. 30 November 2013 [2024-06-02]. （原始內容存檔於2018-10-24）.
^ Obama warns Moscow of 'costs' over Ukraine. Financial Times. 28 February 2014 [2024-06-02]. （原始內容存檔於2014-03-02）.
^ Putin's takeover of Crimea is part of a larger strategy. The Washington Post. 3 March 2014 [2024-06-02]. （原始內容存檔於2014-03-04）.
^ 6 Unintended Consequences From The West's Passive Response To The Ukraine Invasion. Forbes. 5 March 2014 [2024-06-02]. （原始內容存檔於2014-03-08）.
^ Steven Erlanger. NATO Steps Back Into the U.S.S.R.. The New York Times. 22 May 2014 [2024-06-02]. （原始內容存檔於2020-02-27）.
^ E.U. signs Ukraine association deal, puts off sanctions till Monday. Fortune. 27 June 2014 [2024-06-02]. （原始內容存檔於2014-06-30）.
^ In Russia's Shadow: Searching for the Roots of the Georgia Problem. Spiegel Online International. 15 July 2014 [2024-06-02]. （原始內容存檔於2014-07-18）.
^ Analysis: Ukraine cease-fire a victory for Putin. USA Today. 6 September 2014 [2024-06-02]. （原始內容存檔於2014-09-06）.
^ US TO HELP GEORGIA BOOST ITS DEFENSES. Associated Press. 7 September 2014 [10 September 2014]. （原始內容存檔於10 September 2014）.
^ US, Europe at odds over NATO expansion. Deutsche Welle. 9 September 2014 [2024-06-02]. （原始內容存檔於2014-09-10）.

[1] ოკუპირებული ტერიტორიების შესახებ. Legislative Herald of Georgia. [2022-03-08]. （原始內容存檔於2022-01-06）（英語）. 1. Foreign citizens and stateless persons shall be allowed to enter the occupied territories only through the below route: a) Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia – from Zugdidi municipality direction; b) Tskhinvali region (the territories of the former South Ossetian Autonomous Region) – from Gori municipality direction. 2. Entry of the occupied territories by foreign citizens and stateless persons from any other direction, except from those defined in the first paragraph of this article, shall be prohibited and be punishable under the Criminal Code of Georgia.

[2] La Géorgie redoute une intervention russe. Le Figaro. 20 June 2012 [2024-06-02]. （原始內容存檔於2012-06-21）（法語）.

[3] Luke Coffey. Four years later -- seeking a peaceful end to the Russian occupation. Fox News. 31 August 2012 [2024-06-02]. （原始內容存檔於2012-08-31）.

[4] Biden Says U.S. Will Not Recognize Abkhazia, South Ossetia. RFE/RL. 2 February 2013 [2024-06-02]. （原始內容存檔於2016-03-04）.

[5] Hopeful Georgia takes baby steps towards EU. Al Jazeera. 30 November 2013 [2024-06-02]. （原始內容存檔於2018-10-24）.

[6] Obama warns Moscow of 'costs' over Ukraine. Financial Times. 28 February 2014 [2024-06-02]. （原始內容存檔於2014-03-02）.

[7] Putin's takeover of Crimea is part of a larger strategy. The Washington Post. 3 March 2014 [2024-06-02]. （原始內容存檔於2014-03-04）.

[8] 6 Unintended Consequences From The West's Passive Response To The Ukraine Invasion. Forbes. 5 March 2014 [2024-06-02]. （原始內容存檔於2014-03-08）.

[9] Steven Erlanger. NATO Steps Back Into the U.S.S.R.. The New York Times. 22 May 2014 [2024-06-02]. （原始內容存檔於2020-02-27）.

[10] E.U. signs Ukraine association deal, puts off sanctions till Monday. Fortune. 27 June 2014 [2024-06-02]. （原始內容存檔於2014-06-30）.

[11] In Russia's Shadow: Searching for the Roots of the Georgia Problem. Spiegel Online International. 15 July 2014 [2024-06-02]. （原始內容存檔於2014-07-18）.

[12] Analysis: Ukraine cease-fire a victory for Putin. USA Today. 6 September 2014 [2024-06-02]. （原始內容存檔於2014-09-06）.

[13] US TO HELP GEORGIA BOOST ITS DEFENSES. Associated Press. 7 September 2014 [10 September 2014]. （原始內容存檔於10 September 2014）.

[14] US, Europe at odds over NATO expansion. Deutsche Welle. 9 September 2014 [2024-06-02]. （原始內容存檔於2014-09-10）.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]