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達爾文獎章

維基百科，自由的百科全書
  提示：此條目頁的主題不是達爾文獎或達爾文-華萊士獎章。

達爾文獎章（英語：Darwin Medal）是英國皇家學會每兩年頒發一次的獎項，表揚「查爾斯·達爾文對於生物學領域公認貢獻，特別是進化、種群生物學、有機體生物學和生物多樣性方面」。該獎項於1890年首次頒發，旨在紀念查爾斯·達爾文，得主可獲得2,000英鎊獎金（截至2016年）[1]。

達爾文獎章與大多數皇家學會頒發獎章一樣，開放英聯邦或愛爾蘭候選人。

歷屆得主

[編輯]
年度 圖像 得主 得獎原因 備註
1890年 阿爾弗雷德·拉塞爾·華萊士 "For his independent origination of the theory of the origin of species by natural selection." [2]
1892年 約瑟夫·道爾頓·胡克 "On account of his important contributions to the progress of systematic botany, as evidenced by the "Genera Plantarum" and the "Flora Indica"; but more especially on account of his intimate association with Mr. Darwin in the studies preliminary to the "Origin of Species"." [3][4]
1894年 托馬斯·亨利·赫胥黎 "For his researches in comparative anatomy, and especially for his intimate association with Mr. Darwin in relation to the "Origin of Species"." [5][6]
1896年 喬凡尼·巴蒂斯塔·格拉西 "For his researches on the life history and societies of the Termitidae, and on the developmental relationship between Leptocephalus and the common eel and other muraenidae." [7][8]
1898年 卡爾·皮爾遜 "For his work on the quantitative treatment of biological problems." [9][10]
1900年 恩斯特·海克爾 "For his long-continued and highly important work in zoology all of which has been inspired by the spirit of Darwinism." [11][12]
1902年 法蘭西斯·高爾頓 "For his numerous contributions to the exact study of heredity & variation contained in "Hereditary Genius", "Natural Inheritance", and other writings." [13][14]
1904年 威廉·貝特森 "For his important contribution to the theory of organic evolution by his researches on variation and heredity." [15][16]
1906年 許霍·德弗里斯 "On the ground of the significance and extent of his experimental investigations in heredity & Variation." [17][18]
1908年 奧古斯特·魏斯曼 "On the ground of his eminent services in support of the doctrine of evolution by means of natural selection." [19][20]
1910年 羅蘭·特里門 "On the ground of his South African bionomic researches, in large part undertaken as the outcome of correspondence with Charles Darwin." [21][22]
1912年 弗朗西斯·達爾文 "On the ground of his work in conjunction with Charles Darwin, and his researches in vegetable physiology." [23][24]
1914年 愛德華·巴格諾爾·波爾頓 "On the ground of his researches in heredity." [25][26]
1916年 伊夫·德拉熱 "On the ground of researches in zoology and biology." [27]
1918年 亨利·費爾費爾德·奧斯本 "For his valuable researches on vertebrate morphology and palaeontology." [28][29]
1920年 "On the ground of his work on scientific principles applied to the breeding of plants." [30][31]
1922年 — "For his researches in the science of genetics." [32][33]
1924年 托馬斯·亨特·摩爾根 "For his valuable work in zoology and more especially his researches on heredity and cytology." [34][35]
1926年 達金菲爾德·亨利·斯科特 "For his contributions to palaeophytology, particularly in relation to the period of coal." [36]
1928年 "For the eminence of his contributions to ecological botany." [37]
1930年 恩斯特·施密特 "For his work on extended oceanographical expeditions; and for his genetic studies in animals and plants." [38][39]
1932年 卡爾·科倫斯 "As one of the three independent discoverers of Mendels publications; and for his distinguished researches in genetics." [40]
1934年 阿爾伯特·查爾斯·蘇厄德 "In recognition of his work as a palaeobotanist." [41]
1936年 — "In recognition of his long continued work for the advancement of marine biology, not only by his own researches but by the great influence he has exerted on very numerous investigations at Plymouth." [42]
1938年 "In recognition of his work of acknowledged distinction in the field in which Darwin himself laboured." [43][44]
1940年 詹姆斯·彼得·希爾 "For his contributions to the solution of problems bearing on the inter-relationships of the main groups of the Mammalia and on the phylogenetic history of the primates, a subject with which Charles Darwin himself was much concerned." [45]
1942年 — D·M·S·沃特森 "In recognition of his researches on primitive fishes and amphibians which have much advanced the knowledge of the evolution of these groups of animals." [46]
1944年 約翰·斯坦利·加德納 "In recognition of his work on coral reefs and on the organisms associated with such habitats." [47]
1946年 — 達西·湯普森 "In recognition of his outstanding contributions to the development of biology." [48]
1948年 羅納德·愛爾默·費雪 "In recognition of his distinguished contributions to the theory of natural selection, the concept of its gene complex and the evolution of dominance." [49]
1950年 "For his distinguished contributions to the study of algology." [50]
1952年 約翰·伯頓·桑德森·霍爾丹 "In recognition of his initiation of the modern phase of the study of the evolution of living populations." [51]
1954年 — E·B·福特 "In recognition of his distinguished contributions to the genetical theory of evolution by natural selection, particularly in natural populations." [52]
1956年 朱利安·赫胥黎 "In recognition of his distinguished contributions to the study and theory of evolution." [53]
1958年 — 加文·德·比爾 "In recognition of his distinguished contributions to evolutionary biology." [54]
1960年 — E·J·H·科納 "In recognition of his distinguished and strikingly original botanical work in tropical forests." [55]
1962年 — 喬治·蓋洛德·辛普森 "In recognition of his distinguished contributions to general evolutionary theory, based on a profound study of palaeontology, particularly of vertebrates." [56]
1964年 — "In recognition of his distinguished contributions to knowledge of cytology and genetics." [57]
1966年 — 哈羅德·M·福克斯 "In recognition of his distinguished and extensive contributions in the field of invertebrate zoology and to our understanding of general biological phenomena." [58]
1968年 — "In recognition of his many distinguished contributions to evolutionary biology, particularly of the mollusca." [59]
1970年 — 查爾斯·艾爾頓 "In recognition of the basic concepts he has contributed to the study of animal ecology which, with his foundation of the Bureau of Animal Population, have had international impact." [60]
1972年 — 戴維·賴克 "In recognition of his distinguished and numerous contributions to ornithology and to our understanding of evolutionary mechanisms." [61]
1974年 — "In recognition of his outstanding work on natural populations of butterflies, describing and explaining the operation of natural selection and demonstrating the genetic basis upon which selection operates." [62]
1976年 — "In recognition of her discovery of and continuing work on chemical mutagenesis." [63]
1978年 "In recognition of his discovery of somatic recombination in fungi which led to the elucidation of an important type of genetic variation." [64]
1980年 — 休厄爾·賴特 "In recognition of his outstanding contributions to genetics and evolutionary theory." [65]
1982年 — [[]] "In recognition of their major contributions to plant physiology including fundamental studies on insectivorous plants, much of this research carried out jointly." [66]
— [[]]
1984年 恩斯特·瓦爾特·邁爾 "In recognition of his distinguished contributions to evolutionary biology."
1986年 約翰·梅納德·史密斯 "In recognition of his outstanding success in combining mathematics with biology to enhance our understanding of evolution, in particular the evolution of sex." [67]
1988年 — 威廉·唐納·漢彌爾頓 "In recognition of his distinguished work on evolutionary theory. His contributions include the theory of kin selection to account for altruistic behaviour and the theoretical demonstration of a link between disease resistance and the evolution of sex." [68]
1990年 "For his research on the population biology and evolution of plants which has greatly improved understanding of the adaptation of plants to their environment." [69]
1992年 木村資生 "Distinguished for his work on molecular evolution, in particular on the role of stochastic events in determining the rate of evolution." [70]
1994年 彼得·勞倫斯 "In recognition of his analysis of pattern formation during insect segmentation, and of his contribution to understanding how genetic processes specify spatial information." [71]
1996年 約翰·蘇爾斯頓 "In recognition of his leadership in the study of genome analysis with the potential to have a profound impact on the whole of biology." [72]
1998年 — [[]] "In recognition of their work on cereal genome organisation and evolution which has revolutionised cereal genetics by showing that the genetics of all the different cereals can be considered in a common framework." [73]
— [[]]
2000年 — 布賴恩·查爾斯沃思 "In recognition of his distinguished work on selection in age-structured populations, extending the theory to the evolution of ageing, and testing the theories of mutation accumulation and pleiotropy, developing models for the evolution of genetic systems, including sex and recombination, inbreeding and outbreeding, separate sexes and sex chromosomes, segregation distortion and repetitive DNA." [74]
2002年 [[]] ""
2004年 恩里科·科恩 "for their ground-breaking discoveries about the control of flower development. They have combined molecular and genetic approaches to answer some of Darwins key questions about the natural variation of floral form and the evolution of floral development."
羅斯瑪麗·卡彭特
2006年 尼克·巴頓 "for his major and extensive contributions to evolutionary biology, characterised by the application of sophisticated mathematical analysis but focussed on developing biological understanding rather than mathematical niceties."
2008年 [[]] ""
2010年 布萊恩·坎貝爾·克拉克 "for his original and influential contributions to our understanding of the genetic basis of evolution."
2012年 [[]] ""
2014年 約翰·D·薩瑟蘭 "for his novel and convincing work on prebiotic chemistry, in particular his solution to the central problem of nucleoside synthesis."
2016年 卡洛琳·迪恩 "for her work addressing fundamental questions in the perception of temperature cues and how modifications in epigenetic mechanisms play an important role in adaptation."
2018年 — [[]] ""
2019年 — 彼得·W·H·霍蘭 "for his work with many organisms and genes elucidating key aspects of how changes in the genome influence evolution of animal development" [75][76]
2020年 — [[]] ""
2021年 — [[]] ""
2022年 — 馬丁·恩布利 "for his fundamental, paradigm-changing contributions to the understanding of mitochondrial endosymbiosis and the origins of eukaryotes in a new two-domain tree of life." [77]
2023年 — [[]] ""

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[編輯]
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  76. ^ Peter Holland Awarded 2019 Darwin Medal. Merton College, Oxford. 18 July 2019 [5 February 2022]. （原始內容存檔於13 October 2019）. 
  77. ^ Leading scientist awarded a prestigious medal by the Royal Society. Newcastle University. August 24, 2022 [September 19, 2022]. （原始內容存檔於2023-03-21）. 

外部連結

[編輯]
取自 "https://zh1.bitforum.be.eu.org/w/index.php?title=達爾文獎章&oldid=82650319"